The morphologically similar taxa Anopheles calderoni, Anopheles punctimacula, Anopheles malefactor and Anopheles guarao are commonly misidentified. Isofamilies collected in Valle de Cauca, Colombia, showed morphological characters most similar to An. calderoni, a species which has never previously been reported in Colombia. Although discontinuity of the postsubcostal pale spots on the costa (C) and first radial (R1) wing veins is purportedly diagnostic for An. calderoni, the degree of overlap of the distal postsubcostal spot on C and R1 were variable in Colombian specimens (0.003-0.024). In addition, in 98.2% of larvae, seta 1-X was located off the saddle and seta 3-C had 4-7 branches in 86.7% of specimens examined. Correlation of DNA sequences of the second internal transcribed spacer and mtDNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) barcodes (658 bp of the COI gene) generated from Colombian progeny material and wild-caught mosquitoes from Ecuador with those from the Peruvian type series of An. calderoni confirmed new country records. DNA barcodes generated for the closely related taxa, An. malefactor and An. punctimacula are also presented for the first time. Examination of museum specimens at the University of the Valle, Colombia, revealed the presence of An. calderoni in inland localities across Colombia and at elevations up to 1113 m.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of alcohol and drug use and psychosocial factors associated in adolescents in Lima. Design: Analytic transversal study. Material and Methods: A sample of 430 adolescents from one Lima high school was studied. The questionnaire used was the Personal Experience Screening Questionnaire (PESQ). Results: Three hundred and ninety-one valid questionnaires were received. The prevalence of either alcohol or drug use was 43%; the alcohol use 42,2%, marijuana 8,7%, and cocaine 3,1%. The problem of alcohol or drug use was 10,7%. The psychosocial factors associated were psychological distress (OR 4,58 CI 95% 1,60-13,05), severe thinking problem (OR 2,63 CI 95% 1,15-6,01), and physical abuse (OR 2,31 CI 95% 1,19-4,49). Conclusions: The psychosocial factor most associated with drug use was severe psychological distress. Furthermore, an association between both thinking problem and physical abuse with drug use was found. Sexual harassment was found to be associated only in second year high school adolescents.

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia del consumo de alcohol y drogas y los factores psicosociales asociados con dicho consumo en adolescentes de Lima. Diseño: Estudio analítico de corte transversal. Material y Métodos: Se estudió una muestra de 430 adolescentes de educación secundaria de un colegio de Lima. Se utilizó el Cuestionario Tamiz de Experiencias Personales (Personal Experience Screening Questionnaire - PESQ). Resultados: Se recibió 391 encuestas válidas. La prevalencia de consumo de alcohol o drogas fue 43%, de alcohol 42,2%, de marihuana 8,7% y de cocaína 3,1%. Se encontró problema de consumo de alcohol o drogas en el 10,7%, los factores psicosociales asociados fueron distrés psicológico severo (OR 4,58 IC 95% 1,60-13,05), pensamiento problemático severo (OR 2,63 IC 95% 1,15-6,01) y abuso físico (OR 2,31 IC 95% 1,19-4,49). Conclusiones: El factor psicosocial más asociado al problema de consumo de drogas fue el distrés psicológico severo. Asimismo, se encontró asociación entre el pensamiento problemático severo y el abuso físico con dicho problema. El acoso sexual sólo se encontró asociado en los adolescentes de segundo de secundaria.